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Mapusaurus  |
The name Mapusaurus is derived from
the Mapuche word Mapu, meaning "of the Land" or "of
the Earth" and the Greek sauros, meaning "lizard".
Mapusaurus was a giant carnosaurian dinosaur from the
Late Cretaceous of what is now Argentina. It was similar in size
to its close relative Giganotosaurus, with the largest
known specimens measuring over 12.2 meters (40 ft) in length and
weighing over 3 tons.
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Masiakasaurus  |
Masiakasaurus was a small predatory
(theropod) dinosaur from Madagascar that lived around 70 million
years ago. Unlike most theropods, the front teeth of Masiakasaurus
projected forward instead of straight down. This unique dentition
suggests that Masiakasaurus had a specialized diet, perhaps
including fish and other small prey. Other bones of the skeleton
indicate that Masiakasaurus was bipedal, with much shorter
forelimbs than hindlimbs. Masiakasaurus had an estimated
adult body length of around 2 meters (about 6-7 feet).
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Megalosaurus |
Megalosaurus ("Great Lizard"')
is a genus of large meat-eating theropod dinosaurs of the Middle
Jurassic period (Bathonian) of Europe (Southern England, France,
Portugal). It is significant as the first genus of dinosaur (outside
of birds) to be described and named.
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Metriacanthosaurus  |
Metriacanthosaurus ("Moderate-spined
lizard") is a genus of sinraptorid dinosaur from the mid-Jurassic
Period of England. In 1923 German Paleontologist Friedrich von
Huene wrote a paper on Jurassic and Cretaceous European carnivorous
dinosaurs. In this paper, he examined a few specimens including
an incomplete hip, a leg bone, and part of a backbone, and believed
it was a new species of Megalosaurus.
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Microraptor |
Microraptor ("Small one who seizes")
is a genus of small, dromaeosaurid dinosaur. About two dozen well-preserved
fossil specimens have been recovered from Liaoning, China. They
date from the early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation (Barremian
stage), 120-110 million years ago. Like Archaeopteryx,
Microraptor provides important evidence about the evolutionary
relationship between birds and dinosaurs. Microraptor
had long pennaceous feathers that form wing-like surfaces on the
arms and tail but also, surprisingly, on the legs. This led Xu
(2003) to describe it as a "four winged dinosaur", and
to speculate that it may have glided using all four limbs for
lift.
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Monolophosaurus |
Monolophosaurus ("One-crested
lizard") was a carnosaur from Middle Jurassic (about 170
mya) China. It was named for the single crest on top of its skull.
It could grow to be 5 meters (17 feet) long and 1.8 meters (6
feet) high. This dinosaur weighed up to 700 kilograms (1,500 pounds).
The area that Monolophosaurus was found showed signs
of water, so it is possible that this dinosaur lived on the shore
of lakes or ocean. Monolophosaurus may be related to
the allosaurids.
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Mononykus
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Mononykus ("One claw") was
a theropod dinosaur from late Cretaceous Mongolia (80-70 million
years ago) with long, skinny legs. It moved about on two legs,
was very nimble, and could run at high speeds, something that
would have been useful in the open desert plains where it lived.
It had a small skull, and its teeth were small and pointed, suggesting
that it ate insects and small animals, such as lizards and mammals.
Large eyes allowed Mononykus to hunt by night, when it
was cooler and there would have been fewer predators (such as
Velociraptor) about.
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Nanotyrannus |
Nanotyrannus ("Tiny tyrant")
is a genus of tyrannosaurid dinosaur, and is possibly a juvenile
specimen of Tyrannosaurus. The original Nanotyrannus
specimen is estimated to have been around 17 feet (5.2 meters)
long when it died. Robert Bakker has stated he believes Nanotyrannus
hunted in packs. Teeth from multiple Nanotyrannus have
been found in the bones of herbivorous dinosaurs.
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Ornitholestes |
Ornitholestes ("Bird robber")
was a small theropod dinosaur of the late Jurassic of Western
Laurasia (the area that was to become North America). To date,
it is known only from a single partial skeleton, and badly crushed
skull found at the Bone Cabin Quarry near Medicine Bow, Wyoming,
in 1900. Ornitholestes was roughly 2 meters (6.5 ft)
in length. The head of Ornitholestes was relatively small.
Nonetheless, the skull was more robust than that of many other
small theropods, such as Compsognathus and Coelophysis,
and this would have enabled Ornitholestes to deliver
a powerful bite.
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Ornithomimus |
Ornithomimus ("Bird mimic")
is a genus of dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of what
is now North America. Ornithomimus was 12 ft (3.5 meters)
long, 7 feet (2.10 meters) high and weighed around 100-150 kg.
It was bipedal and superficially resembled an ostrich, except
for its long tail. It would have been a swift runner.
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Oviraptor  |
Oviraptor is a genus of small Mongolian
theropod dinosaur, first discovered by the legendary paleontologist
Roy Chapman Andrews, and first described by Henry Fairfield Osborn,
in 1924. Oviraptor lived in the late Cretaceous period,
during the late Campanian stage about 75 million years ago and
its name is Latin for "egg seizer", referring to the
fact that the first fossil specimen was discovered atop a pile
of what were thought to be Protoceratops eggs, and its
specific name philoceratops means "lover of ceratopsians",
also given as a result of this find. In his 1924 paper, Osborn
explained that the name was given due to the close proximity of
the skull of Oviraptor to the nest (it was separated
from the eggs by only four inches of sand). However, Osborn also
suggested that the name Oviraptor "may entirely
mislead us as to its feeding habits and belie its character."
In the 1990s, the discovery of nesting oviraptorids like Citipati
proved that Osborn was correct in his caution regarding the name.
These finds showed that the eggs in question probably belonged
to Oviraptor itself, and that the specimen was actually
brooding its eggs.
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Pelecanimimus |
Pelecanimimus ("Pelican mimic")
is a genus of primitive (basal) ornithomimosaur from the Early
Cretaceous of Spain. It is notable for possessing more teeth than
any other member of the Ornithomimosauria, most of which were
toothless. Pelecanimimus was a small ornithomimosaur,
at about 2-2.5 m long (6.5 - 8 ft). Its skull was unusually long
and narrow, with a maximum length of about 4.5 times its maximum
height. It was highly unusual among ornithomimosaurs in its large
number of teeth: it had about 220 very small teeth in total.
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Piatnitzkysaurus |
Piatnitzkysaurus is the name given
to a genus of megalosaurid dinosaur. Piatnitzkysaurus
lived in the Middle Jurassic, in South America. It may or may
not be related to Becklespinax. Partial skeletons have
been found.
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Proceratosaurus |
Proceratosaurus is a genus of medium-sized
(around 3.7 meters) carnivorous theropod dinosaur from the Middle
Jurassic (Bathonian) of England. It was originally thought to
be an ancestor of Ceratosaurus, due to the similar small
crest on its snout. Now, however, it is considered a coelurosaur,
one of the earliest known. Proceratosaurus may have been
related to the ancestors of later forms such as Ornitholestes
and the tyrannosaurs.
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Procompsognathus |
Procompsognathus is a genus of small
theropod dinosaur that lived during the Late Triassic Period,
about 222 to 219 million years ago. Procompsognathus
was named by Eberhard Fraas in 1913. He named the type species,
P. triassicus, on the basis of a poorly-preserved skeleton
found in Württemberg, Germany. Procompsognathus
may have been about 1.2 meters long (4 ft). A biped, it had long
hind legs, short arms, large clawed hands, a long slender snout
with many small teeth, and a stiff tail. It lived in a relatively
dry, inland environment and may have eaten insects, lizards, and
other small prey.
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Rajasaurus |
Rajasaurus is known from a partial
skeleton including a well–preserved skull (with a complete
braincase and 70% of the rest of the skull bones recovered), parts
of the backbone and tail, hip bones, and parts of the hind legs.
Rajasaurus was an abelisaurid, a member of a group of
predators known only from landmasses that were part of the former
southern supercontinent Gondwana, such as Africa, India, Madagascar,
and South America. Rajasaurus closely resembles Majungasaurus,
a contemporary abelisaur from Madagascar, an island that had separated
from the Indian landmass about 20 million years earlier. Rajasaurus
measured about 7.6–9 m (24.9–29.5 ft) long, 2.4 m
(7.9 ft) in height, and weighed about 3 to 4 tons. The skull was
short, measuring 60 cm (23.6 in) in length, and bore a distinctive
low rounded horn.
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Rugops  |
Rugops ("Wrinkle face")
is a genus of theropod dinosaur which inhabited what is now Africa
approximately 95 million years ago. At 7 - 9 m (24 - 30 ft) long
and 2.5 m (8 ft) high at the hip, Rugops was a medium-sized
carnivore. The skull bore armour or scales, and other bones had
many blood vessels, causing Dr. Paul Sereno, who led the team
that discovered the fossil, to say, "It's not the kind of
head designed for fighting or bone-crushing", suggesting
that it may have been a scavenger. The skull also bears two rows
of seven holes each, of unknown purpose, although Sereno has speculated
that they may have anchored some kind of crest or horns.
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