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Amargasaurus  |
Amargasaurus ("La Amarga lizard")
is a genus of dicraeosaurid sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous
Period (130-125 mya) of what is now South America. It was small
for a sauropod, reaching 10 meters (33 feet) length. It would
have been a quadrupedal herbivore with a long, low skull on the
end of a long neck, much like its relative Dicraeosaurus.
However, this dinosaur sported two parallel rows of tall spines
down its neck and back, taller than in any other known sauropod.
These spines have been reconstructed supporting skin sails, but
the "skin sail" hypothesis has been rejected.
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Apatosaurus |
Apatosaurus, also formerly known as
Brontosaurus, is a genus of sauropod dinosaur that lived
about 150 million years ago, during the Jurassic Period (Kimmeridgian
and Tithonian ages). It was one of the largest land animals that
ever existed, with an average length of 23 meters (75 ft) and
a mass of at least 23 metric tons (25 short tons). The skull was
small in comparison with the size of the animal. The jaws were
lined with spatulate teeth, which resembled chisels, suited to
a herbivorous diet.
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Argentinosaurus  |
Argentinosaurus is a genus of sauropod
dinosaur first discovered by Guillermo Heredia in Argentina. The
dinosaur lived on the island continent of South America around
100 million years ago, during the middle of the Cretaceous Period.
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Barosaurus |
Barosaurus was a large but fairly
typical diplodocid that lived during the Late Jurassic period,
around 150 million years ago. In fact, in many respects Barosaurus
was very similar to Diplodocus itself, but with slight
differences: rather less tall backbones (vertebrae), a shorter
tail, and a much longer neck. Probably more than four-fifths of
this plant-eater's total length of perhaps 27 m (89 ft) was neck
and tail. Presumably it had a small head, although unfortunately
no specimen of its skull has been recovered, which is common in
sauropods because of the small skull size.
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Brachiosaurus |
Brachiosaurus ("Arm lizard"),
was a genus of sauropod dinosaur that lived during the Late Jurassic
Period and possibly the Early Cretaceous Period. It was named
thus because its forelimbs were longer than its hind limbs. Brachiosaurus
had spatulate teeth (resembling chisels), well-suited to its herbivorous
diet. Its skull featured a number of holes, probably aiding weight-reduction.
The first toe on its front foot and the first three toes on its
hind feet were clawed. One of the largest animals known to have
walked the earth, it has become one of the most famous of all
dinosaurs and is recognized worldwide.
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Camarasaurus  |
Camarasaurus ("Chambered lizard")
was a genus of quadrupedal, herbivorous dinosaurs. It was the
most common of the giant sauropods to be found in North America
but only average in size: about 18 meters (60 ft) in length as
adults, and weighing up to 18 tonnes (19.8 tons). It lived in
the late Jurassic Period (late Oxfordian to Tithonian stages),
between 155 and 145 million years ago. A Camarasaurus
pelvis recovered from Dinosaur National Monument in Utah shows
gouging attributed to Allosaurus.
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Diplodocus  |
Diplodocus lived in what is now western
North America at the end of the Jurassic Period. Diplodocus
is one of the more common dinosaur fossils found in the Upper
Morrison Formation, a sequence of shallow marine and alluvial
sediments deposited about 150 to 147 million years ago, in what
is now termed the Kimmeridgian and Tithonian stages. The Morrison
Formation records an environment and time dominated by gigantic
sauropod dinosaurs such as Camarasaurus, Barosaurus,
Apatosaurus and Brachiosaurus. Diplodocus
is among the most easily identifiable dinosaurs, with its classic
dinosaur shape, long neck and tail and four sturdy legs. For many
years, it was the longest dinosaur known. Its great size may have
been a deterrent to the predators Allosaurus and Ceratosaurus:
their remains have been found in the same strata, which suggests
they coexisted with Diplodocus.
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Dicraeosaurus |
Dicraeosaurus ("Bifurcated,
double-headed lizard") is a genus of small diplodocoid. It
was named for the spines on the back of the neck. Unlike most
diplodocoids, Dicraeosaurus had a large head with a relatively
short and wide neck. It also lacked the whiplash tail that other
diplodocids had. It was smaller, at only reached 41 feet (12 m)
in length. Dicraeosaurus lived in the Late Jurassic.
It was herbivorous; however, it didn’t compete with other
dinosaurs for vegetation. Fossils have been discovered in the
rocks of Tendaguru Hill in Tanzania. The rocks also yield fossils
of Brachiosaurus and Kentrosaurus. As these
were much larger animals, they would probably have browsed different
levels of the local vegetation, allowing them to co-exist without
significant competition.
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Jobaria |
Jobaria was a sauropod dinosaur discovered
in the Sahara Desert in 1997, and is one of the most completely
known Cretaceous sauropods. It was named after "Jobar",
a creature of local legends, and is thought to have been about
18 metres long. It lived in the Early Cretaceous. Unusually for
its late occurrence, Jobaria seems to be a very primitive
sauropod. It has been interpreted either as a basal macronarian,
or as a non-neosauropod eusauropod, basal to the neosauropod clade.
The backbone and tail of Jobaria are simple compared
to the complex vertebrae and whiplast tail of the older North
America sauropods Diplodocus and Apatosaurus.
Unlike other Cretaceous sauropods, Jobaria had spoon-shaped teeth.
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Mamenchisaurus |
Mamenchisaurus was a plant-eating
four-legged dinosaur, known for its remarkably long neck. Most
species lived 145 to 150 million years ago, in the Tithonian age
of the late Jurassic Period. Mamenchisaurus was first
discovered in 1952 on a highway construction site in Sichuan,
China. The partial skeleton fossil was then studied, and named
in 1954, by the renowned Chinese paleontologist Professor Yang
Zhongjian (C. C. Young).
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