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Nigersaurus  |
Nigersaurus (meaning "Niger lizard")
is a genus of diplodocoid sauropod dinosaur from the middle Cretaceous
period, about 119 to 99 million years ago during the Aptian or
Albian age. This dinosaur was described by Paul Sereno and colleagues
in 1999. It is one of the most common genera found in the rich
fossil vertebrate fauna of the Elrhaz Formation, Gadoufaoua, in
the Niger Republic, discovered by Philippe Taquet, and described
in a paper published in 1976. Nigersaurus was a plant-eater
that had an unusual mouth "shaped like the wide intake slot
of a vacuum" that took in food and chewed it with over a
hundred very small, sharp teeth. Previously, such tooth batteries
have been known only in hadrosaur and ceratopsian dinosaurs, but
the discovery of Nigersaurus showed that at least one
sauropod lineage, the rebbachisaurids, had them, as well.
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Patagosaurus |
Patagosaurus ("Patagonian lizard")
was a large herbivorous dinosaur from the long-necked group Sauropoda.
It reached the length of 18 meters. Similar to other primitive
eusauropods, it was rather heavily build and similar to Cetiosaurus
in general appearance. It is known from a dozen individuals, though
some referred material may belong to another related dinosaur
genus. It lived during the Callovian of the Middle Jurassic (163-161
mya) in what is now called Argentina. Other Argentinian dinosaurs
living approximately at the same time were Piatnitzkysaurus,
Condorraptor and Amygdalodon.
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Pelorosaurus |
Pelorosaurus ("Monstrous lizard")
was a huge plant-eating dinosaur. Pelorosaurus was one
of the first sauropod dinosaurs ever discovered. Pelorosaurus
lived during the Early Cretaceous period, about 138-112 million
years ago. Fossils have been found in England and Portugal. It
was about fifty feet long. It is known from a humerus, vertebrae,
a sacrum, pelvis and limb fragments, as well as from skin impressions;
it was covered in hexagonal scales.
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Plateosaurus  |
Plateosaurus ("Flat lizard")
is a genus of plateosaurid prosauropod dinosaur that lived during
the Late Triassic period, around 216 to 199 million years ago
in what is now Europe. Plateosaurus was the largest known
dinosaur of its time, reaching 6 to 10 metres (20 to 33 ft) in
length and up to an estimated 700 kilograms (1,500 lb) in mass.
A member of the group of early herbivores known as prosauropods,
it was more powerfully built than that of similar animals such
as Anchisaurus. Plateosaurus had a long neck,
composed of around nine cervical vertebrae, a stocky body and
a pear-shaped torso.
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Rhoetosaurus |
Rhoetosaurus, ("Rhoetos lizard"),
named after Rhoetus, a Titan in Greek Mythology, is a genus of
sauropod dinosaur from the Jurassic (Middle Jurassic?) of what
is now eastern Australia. Rhoetosaurus is estimated to
have been about 12-15 metres long. Along with Austrosaurus,
Rhoetosaurus is among the two best-known sauropods thus
far discovered in Australia, as well as for the Jurassic of Gondwana.
Rhoetosaurus is presently the most complete Australian
sauropod.
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Saltasaurus  |
Saltasaurus ("Lizard from Salta")
is a genus of sauropod dinosaur of the Late Cretaceous Period.
Relatively small among sauropods, though still massive by human
standards, it was characterized by a diplodocid-like head (with
blunt teeth, only in the back of the mouth) and was the first
discovered with small bony plates embedded in its skin. The bony
plates (a form of armour called osteoderms) have since been found
in other titanosaurids, and a crest of scutes has also been discovered,
running down the back of diplodocids. When the plates of a saltasaur
were originally found, independently of skeletal remains, they
were assumed to be from an ankylosaurian, whose plates they resemble.
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Seismosaurus
(Diplodocus hallorum) |
First described in 1991 by Gillette as Seismosaurus
halli from a partial skeleton comprising vertebrae, pelvis
and ribs. In 2004, a presentation at the annual conference of
the Geological Society of America made a case for Seismosaurus
being a junior synonym of Diplodocus. This was followed
by a much more detailed publication in 2006, which not only renamed
the species Diplodocus hallorum, but also speculated
that it could prove to be the same as D. longus. The
position that D. hallorum should be regarded as a specimen
of D. longus was also taken by the authors of a redescription
of Supersaurus, refuting a previous hypothesis that Seismosaurus
and Supersaurus were the same.
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Shunosaurus |
Shunosaurus, ("Shu Lizard"),
is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from Middle Jurassic beds in Sichuan
Province in China, 170 million years ago. The name derives from
"Shu", an ancient name for Sichuan. It was collected
from the Lower Shaximiao Formation in Dashanpu, Zigong. At around
10 metres long, Shunosaurus was fairly short-necked (for
a sauropod) and had a short deep skull, with fairly robust spatulate
teeth. In 1989 its tail was found to have ended in a club, probably
used for fending off enemies. Shunosaurus is classified
as a basal eusauropod and is related to Rhoetosaurus
from Queensland in Australia.
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Supersaurus |
Supersaurus ("Super lizard")
is a genus of diplodocid sauropod dinosaur discovered in the Upper
Jurassic Morrison Formation of Colorado in 1972. It is among the
largest dinosaurs known from good remains, possibly reaching 33
to 34 meters (108 to 112 ft) in length, and a weight of 35 to
40 tons.
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Titanosaurus  |
Titanosaurus ("Titanic reptile"),
a genus of sauropod dinosaur, was 9-12 metres (30-40 ft) long
and weighed about 13 tons. Titanosaurus has traditionally
been treated as a "wastebin taxon" for poorly preserved
sauropod remains that demonstrate a distinctive vertebrae anatomy.
The original Titanosaurus remains consist only of limb
bones and a few vertebrae that have these characteristics. However,
discoveries of more and better-preserved titanosaur species have
shown that these once distinctive features are in fact widespread
across many genera. Therefore, Titanosaurus itself is
considered a nomen dubium ("dubious name") by most paleontologists,
since the original Titanosaurus specimens cannot be distinguished
from those of related animals.
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